Basic Git Operations
Git is a free and open source distributed version control system designed to handle everything from small to very large projects with speed and efficiency. Git is also easy to learn and has a tiny footprint with lightning fast performance.
(See also Basic SVN Operations)
Git Advantages:
- Better support to paralell development
- Possible to make changes and not to affect other users work
- Doesn’t require network
- Branch is effective and does not “torture” users
- Faster than SVN
- Faster access to logs and revisions because everything is on a local machine
Git Concepts:
- History of changes for all users
- Complete data of the repository
- Doesn’t require to user has an active Internet connection
- Working Tree: Every user has his own work directory
Basic Git Operations:
Note: Repository must be initialized
git init
Execute in a directory which we’ll use for versioning.
Inside that directory will be created subdirectory .git which contains all informations about repository.
git --bare init
Makes folder under GIT control on server
git remote add origin <repository_url>
Adds main shared repository.
git status
Checks files state. (unregistered files, changes in files, adding files)
git add <file>
Adds a single file to versioning.
git add .
Adds all files from directory into versioning.
git commit -m "Comment for commit"
Before commit, files must be added to the stage.
Commit is a point in GIT repository history which contains set of one or group of files.
It is necessary to add a comment with commit.
git commit -a -m "Comment for commit"
Avoiding stage.
git log
View GIT log.
git rm <file>
Removes specified file.
git rm --cached <file>
Removes tracking but keeps file in directory.
git mv <file> <new_filename>
Rename file with new_filename.
git reset HEAD <file>
Removing file from stage.
File stays changed but doesn’t participate in commit.
git checkout -- <file>
Discarding changes in file.
File is returning to version in commit before.
Working with others
git clone <repository_path>
Gets remote repository.
git pull
Gets all changes from remote repository.
git push
Sends all commits to remote repository.
git mergetool
Starts tool for merging in conflicts.
Branching Operations
Branches are used for parallel development in more independent streams of the same repositories.
git checkout <branch_name>
Creates new branch with specified name and if branch exists, goes to that branch.
git checkout main
Returns to main directory.
Git Usage Example
Here is an example how to use GIT:
git clone <repository_url> git add <untracked_file> git add <changed_file> git commit –m "..." git pull git mergetool git commit git push
For more informations visit official Git website: